Sekolapedia

Portal Sekolah di Indonesia

Popular Articles
Daftar Sekolah
Ensiklopedia
Kode Pos

×

Ensiklopedia

Home
Ensiklopedia

Ensiklopedi – Sekolapedia

Tekan Enter untuk memulai pencarian cepat.

Kembali ke Ensiklopedia Arsip Wikipedia Indonesia

John/Eleanor Rykener

John/Eleanor Rykener
Kegiatan
(1394, London)




Pekerjaan	tenaga kerja seks, embroiderer ^(en)

John Rykener, juga dikenal dengan nama Eleanor, adalah seorang pekerja seks yang berpakaian seperti wanita (transvestit) yang ditangkap pada bulan Desember 1394 karena berhubungan seks dengan pria lain, John Britby, di Cheapside London. Meskipun sejarawan sempat mengaitkan Rykener dengan seorang tahanan dengan nama yang sama, fakta-fakta mengenai kehidupan John Rykener hanya diketahui dari hasil interogasi yang dilakukan oleh wali kota London. Rykener diinterogasi karena ia dituduh telah melakukan dua pelanggaran, yaitu pelacuran dan sodomi. Pelacur biasanya tidak ditangkap di London pada masa ini, sementara sodomi dianggap sebagai pelanggaran terhadap moralitas dan bukan pelanggaran hukum umum, dan dengan demikian ia diadili di pengadilan gerejawi. Tidak ada bukti bahwa Rykener diadili atas kedua pelanggaran ini.

Rykener mengatakan bahwa ia mulai berhubungan seks dengan pria akibat Elizabeth Brouderer, seorang penyulam asal London yang mendandaninya seperti seorang wanita dan mungkin adalah orang yang menjadi mucikarinya.

Bibliografi

Andrews, F. (2000). The Early Humiliati. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-1-13943-119-4.
Barron, C. M. (1971). "Richard II and London". Dalam Barron, C. M.; du Boulay, F. R. H. (ed.). The Reign of Richard II: Essays in Honour of May McKisack. London: Athlone Press. hlm. 173–201. ISBN 978-0-48511-130-9.
Beattie, C. (2005). "Gender and Femininity in Medieval England". Dalam Partner, N. F. (ed.). Writing Medieval History. London: Bloomsbury Academic. hlm. 153–170. ISBN 978-0-34080-846-7.
Benedictow, O. J. (2004). The Black Death, 1346–1353: The Complete History. Woodbridge: Boydell Press. ISBN 978-1-84383-214-0.
Bennett, J. M. (2003). "England: Women and Gender". Dalam Rigby, S. H. (ed.). A Companion to Britain in the Later Middle Ages. Blackwell Companions to British History. Oxford: John Wiley & Sons. hlm. 87–106. ISBN 978-0-47099-877-9.
Bershady, I. (2014). "Sexual Deviancy and Deviant Sexuality in Medieval England". Primary Source. 5: 12–18. OCLC 969758816.
Betteridge, T. (2002). Sodomy in Early Modern Europe. Manchester: Manchester University Press. ISBN 978-0-71906-114-1.
Blud, V. (2017). The Unspeakable, Gender and Sexuality in Medieval Literature, 1000–1400. Woodbridge: Boydell & Brewer. ISBN 978-1-84384-468-6.
Boase, R (1977). The Origin and Meaning of Courtly Love: A Critical Study of European Scholarship. Manchester: Manchester University Press. ISBN 978-0-71900-656-2.
Bowers, J. M. (2001). The Politics of Pearl: Court Poetry in the Age of Richard II. Woodbridge: Boydell & Brewer. ISBN 978-0-85991-599-1.
Bullough, V. L. (1974). "Transvestites in the Middle Ages". American Journal of Sociology. 79: 49–70. OCLC 1004535322.
Dinshaw, C. (1999). Getting Medieval: Sexualities and Communities, Pre- and Postmodern. London: Duke University Press. ISBN 978-0-82232-365-5.
Drees, C. J. (2001). The Late Medieval Age of Crisis and Renewal, 1300–1500: A Biographical Dictionary. Westport, CT: Greenwood Publishing Group. ISBN 978-0-31330-588-7.
Dunant, S. (14 February 2014). "To Kill a King: 'A Burnable Book,' by Bruce Holsinger". The New York Times. OCLC 960428092. Diarsipkan dari asli tanggal 2018-04-13. Diakses tanggal 13 April 2018. ;
Evans, R. (2006). "Production of Space in Chaucer's London". Dalam Butterfield, A. (ed.). Chaucer and the City. Chaucer Studies. Vol. XXXVII. Woodbridge: DS Brewer. hlm. 41–56. ISBN 978-1-84384-073-2.
French, K. L. (2013). "Genders and Material Culture". Dalam Bennett, J. M.; Karras, R. M. (ed.). The Oxford Handbook of Women and Gender in Medieval Europe. Oxford: Oxford University Press. hlm. 101–118. ISBN 978-0-19166-730-5.
Froissart, J. (1978). Brereton G. (ed.). Chronicles. London: Penguin Books. ISBN 978-0-14190-456-6.
Goldberg, J. (2014). "John Rykener, Richard II, and the Governance of London". Leeds Studies in English. 45: 49–70. OCLC 819172511.
Grimbert, J. T. (1995). Grimbert, J. T. (ed.). Tristan and Isolde: A Casebook. London: Routledge. ISBN 978-1-13674-558-4.
Harvard (2018). "The Miller's Prologue and Tale". Harvard's Geoffrey Chaucer Website. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University. Diarsipkan dari asli tanggal 28 January 2019. Diakses tanggal 28 January 2019. ;
Hey, D. (2000). Family Names and Family History. London: Hambledon. ISBN 978-1-85285-550-5.
Hudson, A.; Kenny, A. (2004). "Wyclif [Wycliffe], John [called Doctor Evangelicus] (d. 1384)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/30122. ISBN 978-019861-411-1. Diarsipkan dari asli tanggal 2018-06-03. Diakses tanggal 3 June 2018. ; ;
Hyams, R. (19 September 2017). "Nothing new about transvestite prostitution in Finnish puppet play". Radio France Internationale. Diarsipkan dari asli tanggal 2018-04-13. Diakses tanggal 13 April 2018. ;
Janin, H. (2004). Medieval Justice: Cases and Laws in France, England and Germany, 500–1500. Jefferson, NC: McFarland. ISBN 978-0-78644-502-8.
Johnson, R. A. (1985). We: Understanding the Psychology of Romantic Love. London: HarperCollins. ISBN 978-0-06250-436-4.
Johnson, P.; Vanderbeck, R (2014). Law, Religion and Homosexuality. London: Routledge. ISBN 978-1-13505-518-9.
Karras, R. M. (1989). "The Regulation of Brothels in Later Medieval England". Signs: Journal of Women in Culture and Society. 14: 399–433. OCLC 21629549.
Karras, R. M. (1998). Common Women: Prostitution and Sexuality in Medieval England. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19535-230-6.
Karras, R. M. (2017). Sexuality in Medieval Europe: Doing Unto Others (Edisi Third). Oxford: Taylor & Francis. ISBN 978-1-35197-990-0.
Karras, R. M.; Boyd, D. L. (1995). "The Interrogation of a Male Transvestite Prostitute in Fourteenth-Century London". GLQ: A Journal of Lesbian and Gay Studies. 1: 459–465. OCLC 165839527.
Karras, R. M.; Boyd, D. L. (1996). "'Ut cum muliere': A Male Transvestite Prostitute in Fourteenth-Century London". Dalam Fradenburg, L.; Freccero, C. (ed.). Premodern Sexualities. London: Routledge. hlm. 99–116. ISBN 978-1-31779-580-3.
Karras, R. M.; Linkinen, T. (2016). "John / Eleanor Rykener Revisited". Dalam Doggett, L E.; O'Sullivan, D. E. (ed.). Founding Feminisms in Medieval Studies: Essays in Honor of E. Jane Burns. Cambridge: D. S. Brewer. hlm. 111–124. ISBN 978-1-84384-427-3.
Keene, D. J.; Harding, V. (1987). "Historical Gazetteer of London Before the Great Fire Cheapside; Parishes of All Hallows Honey Lane, St Martin Pomary, St Mary Le Bow, St Mary Colechurch and St Pancras Soper Lane". British History Online. London: Centre for Metropolitan History. Diarsipkan dari asli tanggal 2018-05-27. Diakses tanggal 27 May 2018. ;
Kelly, H. A. (2000). "Bishop, Prioress, and Bawd in the Stews of Southwark". Speculum. 75: 342–388. OCLC 709976972.
Kowaleski, M. (1986). "Women's Work in a Market Town: Exeter in the Later Fourteenth Century". Dalam Hanawalt, B. A. (ed.). Women and Work in Preindustrial Europe. Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press. hlm. 145–164. ISBN 978-0-25320-367-0.
Markale, J. (2000). Courtly Love: The Path of Sexual Initiation. Rochester, VT: Inner Traditions. ISBN 978-0-89281-771-9.
McCarthy, C. (2004). Love Sex & Marriage Middle Age. London: Routledge. ISBN 978-1-13439-771-6.
McCracken, P. (1998). The Romance of Adultery: Queenship and Sexual Transgression in Old French Literature. Philadelphia, PA: University of Pennsylvania Press. ISBN 978-0-81220-274-8.
McSheffrey, S. (2017). Seeking Sanctuary: Crime, Mercy, and Politics in English Courts, 1400–1550. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19251-911-5.
Mills, R. (2015). Seeing Sodomy in the Middle Ages. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press. ISBN 978-0-22616-912-5.
Minnis, A. (2008). Fallible Authors: Chaucer's Pardoner and Wife of Bath. Philadelphia, PA: University of Pennsylvania Press. ISBN 978-0-81220-571-8.
Nelson, D. H. (February 2000). "From Twelfth-Century Cortezia to Fifteenth-Century Courtoisie: Evolution of a Concept or Continuation of a Tradition?". Dalam McDonald, W. C.; DuBruck, E. E. (ed.). Fifteenth-Century Studies. Vol. XXV. Woodbridge: Camden House. hlm. 86–96. ISBN 978-1-57113-077-8.
Normington, K. (2004). Gender and Medieval Drama. Woodbridge: DS Brewer. ISBN 978-1-84384-027-5.
Norris, J. L.; Ashe, G.; Ihle, S. N.; Kalinke, M. E.; Thompson, R. H., ed. (2008). The New Arthurian Encyclopedia (Edisi new). London: Routledge. ISBN 978-1-13660-633-5.
Phillips, K. M; Reay, B. (2002). "Introduction". Sexualities in History: A Reader. Barry. London: Routledge. hlm. 1–26. ISBN 978-1-13530-476-8.
Post, J. B. (1977). "A Fifteenth‐Century Customary of the Southwark Stews". Journal of the Society of Archivists. 5: 418–428. OCLC 610525306.
Rexroth, F. (2007). Deviance and Power in Late Medieval London. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-52184-730-8.
Riley, H. T., ed. (1868). Memorials of London and London life, in the XIIIth, XIVth, and XVth centuries. London: Longmans, Green, and co. OCLC 607025034.
Salih, S. (2002). "Sexual Identities: A Medieval Perspective". Dalam Betteridge, T. (ed.). Sodomy in Early Modern Europe. Manchester: Manchester University Press. hlm. 112–130. ISBN 978-0-71906-115-8.
Schreiner, J. (1954). "Wages and Prices in England in the Later Middle Ages". Scandinavian Economic History Review. 2: 161–173. OCLC 475098665.
Schultz, J. A. (2006). Courtly Love, the Love of Courtliness, and the History of Sexuality. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press. ISBN 978-0-22674-089-8.
Shrewsbury, J. F. D. (1970). A History of Bubonic Plague in the British Isles. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-52102-247-7.
Stephenson, C. (1935). Medieval History: Europe from the Fourth to the Sixteenth Century. New York, NY: Harper. OCLC 38684352.
Sutton, A. F. (2005). The Mercery of London: Trade, Goods and People, 1130–1578. London: Routledge. ISBN 978-0-75465-331-8.
Uckelman, S. (2012). "Index of Names in the 1381 Suffolk Poll Tax". Ellipsis. Diarsipkan dari asli tanggal 2018-06-02. Diakses tanggal 3 May 2018. ;
V. C. H. (1912). Page, W. (ed.). The Victoria History of the County of Hertford. The Victoria County History. Vol. III. Westminster: Constable & co. OCLC 927018962.
Wellbery, D. E. (2004). A New History of German Literature. New Haven, CT: Harvard University Press. ISBN 978-0-6740-1503-6.

Sumber data: id.wikipedia.org via REST API v1

Search