Ketidakhadiran atau abstainnya anggota tetap tidak dianggap sebagai veto.[1] Keputusan "prosedural" (seperti mengubah agenda rapat atau mengundang non-anggota untuk menghadiri rapat Dewan Keamanan PBB[2][3]) juga tidak dapat diveto.
Hak veto merupakan isu yang kontroversial. Para pendukungnya berargumen bahwa Perserikatan Bangsa-Bangsa (PBB) akan runtuh jika mencoba menerapkan tindakan mengikat terhadap anggota tetap[4] dan bahwa hak veto merupakan jaminan kritis terhadap dominasi Amerika Serikat.[5] Rusia dan Tiongkok memandang hak veto sebagai promotor stabilitas[6] internasional dan penghalang terhadap intervensi militer.[7] Kritikus mengatakan bahwa hak veto adalah unsur paling tidak demokratis di PBB,[8] serta penyebab utama ketidakberdayaan dalam menangani kejahatan perang dan kejahatan terhadap kemanusiaan, karena secara efektif mencegah tindakan PBB terhadap anggota tetap dan sekutunya.[9]
Referensi
↑Engelhardt, Hanns (1963). "Das Vetorecht im Sicherheitsrat der Vereinten Nationen". Archiv des Völkerrechts. 10 (4): 377–415. ISSN0003-892X. JSTOR40796759.
↑Kelsen, Hans. “Organization and Procedure of the Security Council of the United Nations.” Harvard Law Review, vol. 59, no. 7, 1946, pp. 1087–121. JSTOR, https://doi.org/10.2307/1335164. Accessed 20 Aug. 2024.
↑Padelford, Norman J. “The Use of the Veto.” International Organization, vol. 2, no. 2, 1948, pp. 227–46. JSTOR, http://www.jstor.org/stable/3030288. Accessed 20 Aug. 2024.
↑"Obstructing the Security Council: The Use of the Veto in the Twentieth Century". Journal of the History of International Law / Revue d'histoire du droit international. 3 (2). Brill: 218–234. 2001. doi:10.1163/15718050120956965. ISSN1388-199X.
↑Prashad, Vijay (2020). Washington Bullets. New York: Monthly Review Press. hlm.37–38. ISBN978-1-58367-906-7.
↑Putin, Vladimir V. (11 September 2013). "What Putin Has to Say to Americans About Syria". The New York Times. Diarsipkan dari versi aslinya tanggal 9 December 2020. Diakses tanggal 28 January 2018. The United Nations' founders understood that decisions affecting war and peace should happen only by consensus, and with America's consent the veto by Security Council permanent members was enshrined in the United Nations Charter. The profound wisdom of this has underpinned the stability of international relations for decades.
↑"Wang Yi: China Is Participant, Facilitator and Contributor of International Order". Consulate-General of the People's Republic of China in Los Angeles. 27 June 2015. Diarsipkan dari versi aslinya tanggal 9 August 2020. Diakses tanggal 11 December 2017. China's veto at the Security Council has always played an important role in checking the instinct of war and resisting power politics.
Bardo Fassbender, UN Security Council Reform and the Right of Veto: A Constitutional Perspective, Kluwer Law International, The Hague / London / Boston, 1998. ISBN90-411-0592-1.
Bardo Fassbender, 'Pressure for Security Council Reform', in: David M. Malone (ed.), The UN Security Council: From the Cold War to the 21st Century, Lynne Rienner Publishers, Boulder, Colorado, and London, 2004, pp.341–355.
Bardo Fassbender, 'The Security Council: Progress is Possible but Unlikely', in: Antonio Cassese (ed.), Realizing Utopia: The Future of International Law, Oxford University Press, 2012, pp.52–60.
David Malone (ed), The UN Security Council: From the Cold War to the 21st Century, Lynne Rienner, Boulder, Colorado, 2004. ISBN1-58826-240-5 (paperback).
