Passive voice adalah salah satu topik yang sering muncul dalam ujian bahasa Inggris SMP, SMA, dan bahkan UTBK atau seleksi CPNS karena struktur ini penting untuk memahami kalimat yang menekankan penerima tindakan, bukan pelaku. Passive voice berbeda dengan active voice di mana subjek melakukan tindakan. Dalam passive voice, subjek menerima tindakan, dan biasanya menggunakan pola to be + past participle (V3). Contoh: “The book was read by the student.”
Menguasai passive voice membantu siswa tidak hanya dalam menjawab soal ujian, tetapi juga dalam menulis laporan, artikel ilmiah, dan komunikasi formal. Banyak soal ujian berupa pilihan ganda yang menguji kemampuan mengubah kalimat active menjadi passive, memilih bentuk kata kerja yang tepat, atau memahami konteks penggunaan passive voice
Pengertian dan Rumus Passive Voice
Passive voice menekankan objek yang menerima aksi. Rumus dasarnya tergantung tense:
- Simple Present: Subject + am/is/are + V3 + (by agent)
Contoh: The letter is written by the teacher - Present Continuous: Subject + am/is/are + being + V3 + (by agent)
Contoh: The house is being cleaned by the maid - Simple Past: Subject + was/were + V3 + (by agent)
Contoh: The book was read by the student - Past Continuous: Subject + was/were + being + V3 + (by agent)
Contoh: The car was being repaired by the mechanic - Present Perfect: Subject + has/have + been + V3 + (by agent)
Contoh: The project has been completed by the team
Dalam passive voice, kata “by” menunjukkan pelaku, namun dalam beberapa kasus pelaku bisa dihilangkan jika tidak penting atau tidak diketahui
Contoh Soal dan Pembahasan Passive Voice
Soal 1
The students ______ the homework yesterday.
A. do
B. did
C. are done
D. were done
E. was done
Jawaban: E. was done
Pembahasan: Kalimat ini menggunakan simple past tense. Passive voice: “The homework was done by the students yesterday.” Subjek “the homework” menerima aksi, sedangkan pelaku “the students” bisa ditambahkan setelah by
Soal 2
The cake ______ by my mother now.
A. bakes
B. is baked
C. is being baked
D. was baked
E. has baked
Jawaban: C. is being baked
Pembahasan: Kata keterangan “now” menunjukkan present continuous tense. Passive voice: “The cake is being baked by my mother now.”
Soal 3
The letter has already ______ by the secretary.
A. wrote
B. written
C. been written
D. write
E. writing
Jawaban: C. been written
Pembahasan: Present perfect tense digunakan. Passive voice rumus: has/have + been + V3. Jadi kalimat lengkap: “The letter has been written by the secretary.”
Soal 4
The car ______ by the mechanic when I arrived.
A. repaired
B. was repairing
C. was being repaired
D. is repaired
E. repairs
Jawaban: C. was being repaired
Pembahasan: Past continuous passive voice digunakan karena aksi sedang berlangsung pada waktu tertentu. Kalimat lengkap: “The car was being repaired by the mechanic when I arrived.”
Soal 5
English is ______ all over the world.
A. speak
B. spoken
C. speaking
D. spoke
E. speaks
Jawaban: B. spoken
Pembahasan: Simple present passive digunakan untuk fakta umum. “English is spoken all over the world.”
Soal 6
They will finish the project next week → Passive voice:
A. The project will be finished by them next week
B. The project is finished by them next week
C. The project has been finished by them next week
D. The project will have been finishing by them next week
E. The project is being finished by them next week
Jawaban: A. The project will be finished by them next week
Pembahasan: Future tense passive voice menggunakan will + be + V3. Kalimat menjadi: “The project will be finished by them next week.”
Soal 7
Someone stole my bag → Passive voice:
A. My bag was stolen
B. My bag is stolen
C. My bag has been stolen
D. My bag stole
E. My bag being stolen
Jawaban: A. My bag was stolen
Pembahasan: Simple past tense passive voice. Pelaku tidak disebutkan karena tidak diketahui atau tidak penting. Kalimat lengkap: “My bag was stolen.”
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Soal 8
The students ______ their essays before the deadline.
A. submit
B. were submitted
C. had submitted
D. had been submitted
E. have submitted
Jawaban: D. had been submitted
Pembahasan: Past perfect tense passive voice. Rumus: had + been + V3. Kalimat lengkap: “The students’ essays had been submitted before the deadline.”
Soal 9
The windows are dirty. Somebody should clean them → Passive voice:
A. The windows should be cleaned
B. The windows should clean
C. The windows are cleaned
D. The windows being cleaned
E. The windows should have cleaned
Jawaban: A. The windows should be cleaned
Pembahasan: Modal verb “should” + be + V3 digunakan dalam passive voice. Kalimat lengkap: “The windows should be cleaned.”
Soal 10
People speak English all over the world → Passive voice:
A. English is spoken all over the world
B. English speaks all over the world
C. English spoken all over the world
D. English is speaking all over the world
E. English was spoken all over the world
Jawaban: A. English is spoken all over the world
Pembahasan: Simple present passive voice digunakan untuk fakta umum. Subjek “English” menerima aksi.
Tips Belajar Passive Voice Agar Mudah di Ujian
- Pahami pola dasar passive voice untuk semua tense
- Hafalkan bentuk past participle (V3) dari kata kerja yang umum muncul
- Perhatikan keterangan waktu untuk menentukan tense
- Latih soal transformasi active → passive dan sebaliknya
- Pahami penggunaan modal verbs dalam passive voice (can, should, must + be + V3)
- Fokus pada soal yang sering muncul, terutama kalimat fakta umum, prosedur, dan berita
- Gunakan diagram atau tabel untuk membedakan active dan passive voice
Kesimpulan
Passive voice adalah topik penting dalam bahasa Inggris yang sering muncul di ujian. Menguasai rumus, tense, dan penggunaan modal verb sangat penting untuk menjawab soal dengan tepat. Latihan soal seperti di atas membantu siswa memahami struktur passive voice, membedakan active dan passive, serta meningkatkan kemampuan analisis kalimat. Dengan latihan rutin, siswa dapat menguasai passive voice dan menjawab soal pilihan ganda dengan cepat dan percaya diri
Penulis : Reyfen
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