Passive voice adalah salah satu materi penting dalam bahasa Inggris yang sering muncul pada ujian SMP, SMA, UTBK, tes seleksi CPNS, dan seleksi perguruan tinggi. Passive voice digunakan untuk menekankan penerima aksi, bukan pelaku. Dalam passive voice, subjek menerima aksi dan biasanya mengikuti pola to be + past participle (V3). Pelaku aksi bisa disebutkan dengan kata “by,” tetapi kadang dihilangkan jika tidak relevan atau tidak diketahui. Materi ini penting karena banyak digunakan dalam teks berita, laporan, instruksi, prosedur, artikel ilmiah, dan komunikasi formal lainnya

Dalam soal ujian, passive voice biasanya muncul dalam bentuk pilihan ganda, yang menguji kemampuan siswa mengubah kalimat active menjadi passive, memilih kata kerja yang tepat, menyesuaikan tense, atau memahami konteks kalimat. Agar dapat menjawab soal passive voice dengan benar, siswa perlu memahami rumus passive voice untuk semua tense, bentuk past participle (V3), dan penggunaan modal verbs.

Pengertian Passive Voice

Passive voice adalah kalimat yang menekankan penerima aksi. Contoh active voice: “The teacher teaches the students.” Kalimat passive-nya: “The students are taught by the teacher.” Di sini, subjek “the students” menerima aksi, bukan melakukan aksi.

Rumus passive voice berdasarkan tense:

• Simple Present: am/is/are + V3 → “The book is read by the student.”
• Present Continuous: am/is/are + being + V3 → “The house is being cleaned by the maid.”
• Simple Past: was/were + V3 → “The car was repaired by the mechanic.”
• Past Continuous: was/were + being + V3 → “The room was being painted by the workers.”
• Present Perfect: has/have + been + V3 → “The project has been completed by the team.”
• Future: will + be + V3 → “The homework will be done by the students.”

Untuk modal verbs seperti can, should, must, may, rumusnya adalah: modal + be + V3. Contoh: “The windows should be cleaned.”

Tips Cara Menjawab Soal Passive Voice Pilihan Ganda

1. Identifikasi tense dari kalimat aktif: Lihat keterangan waktu atau kata kerja.
2. Tentukan subjek penerima aksi: Siapa atau apa yang menerima tindakan dalam kalimat active.
3. Ubah kata kerja ke bentuk past participle (V3): Ini wajib untuk passive voice.
4. Gunakan bentuk to be sesuai tense: Am/is/are untuk present, was/were untuk past, will be untuk future, dan seterusnya.
5. Periksa kata keterangan waktu: Pastikan tense dan kata kerja sesuai konteks.
6. Tambahkan “by” jika ingin menyebut pelaku aksi: Bisa dihilangkan jika tidak relevan atau tidak diketahui.
7. Cek pilihan jawaban: Pastikan jawaban sesuai struktur passive voice dan tense yang tepat.

Contoh Soal Passive Voice Pilihan Ganda dan Cara Menjawabnya

Soal 1
The students ______ the homework yesterday.
A. do
B. did
C. are done
D. were done
E. was done

Jawaban: E. was done
Cara Menjawab:

• Kata “yesterday” menunjukkan simple past tense.
• Subjek penerima aksi: “the homework.”
• Kata kerja: “do → done.”
• Passive voice simple past: was/were + V3 → “The homework was done by the students yesterday.”

Soal 2
The cake ______ by my mother now.
A. bakes
B. is baked
C. is being baked
D. was baked
E. has baked

Jawaban: C. is being baked
Cara Menjawab:

• Kata “now” menunjukkan present continuous tense.
• Subjek penerima aksi: “the cake.”
• Kata kerja: “bake → baked.”
• Passive voice present continuous: am/is/are + being + V3 → “The cake is being baked by my mother now.”

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Soal 3
The letter has already ______ by the secretary.
A. wrote
B. written
C. been written
D. write
E. writing

Jawaban: C. been written
Cara Menjawab:

• Present perfect tense → has/have + V3
• Subjek penerima aksi: “the letter”
• Kata kerja: write → written → perlu ditambahkan been untuk passive → “The letter has been written by the secretary.”

Soal 4
The car ______ by the mechanic when I arrived.
A. repaired
B. was repairing
C. was being repaired
D. is repaired
E. repairs

Jawaban: C. was being repaired
Cara Menjawab:

• Past continuous tense, karena ada kata “when I arrived.”
• Subjek penerima aksi: “the car.”
• Kata kerja: repair → repaired
• Rumus passive past continuous: was/were + being + V3 → “The car was being repaired by the mechanic.”

Soal 5
English is ______ all over the world.
A. speak
B. spoken
C. speaking
D. spoke
E. speaks

Jawaban: B. spoken
Cara Menjawab:

• Fakta umum → simple present tense
• Subjek penerima aksi: “English”
• Kata kerja: speak → spoken
• Rumus simple present passive: am/is/are + V3 → “English is spoken all over the world.”

Soal 6
They will finish the project next week → Passive voice
A. The project will be finished by them next week
B. The project is finished by them next week
C. The project has been finished by them next week
D. The project will have been finishing by them next week
E. The project is being finished by them next week

Jawaban: A. The project will be finished by them next week
Cara Menjawab:

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• Future tense → will + V1 → passive: will + be + V3
• Subjek penerima aksi: “the project”
• Kata kerja: finish → finished → “The project will be finished by them next week.”

Soal 7
Someone stole my bag → Passive voice
A. My bag was stolen
B. My bag is stolen
C. My bag has been stolen
D. My bag stole
E. My bag being stolen

Jawaban: A. My bag was stolen
Cara Menjawab:

• Simple past tense → stole → was/were + V3
• Subjek penerima aksi: “my bag”
• Kata kerja: steal → stolen → “My bag was stolen.”

Soal 8
The students ______ their essays before the deadline.
A. submit
B. were submitted
C. had submitted
D. had been submitted
E. have submitted

Jawaban: D. had been submitted
Cara Menjawab:

• Past perfect tense → had + V3
• Passive: had + been + V3
• Subjek penerima aksi: “their essays”
• Kata kerja: submit → submitted → “The students’ essays had been submitted before the deadline.”

Soal 9
The windows are dirty. Somebody should clean them → Passive voice
A. The windows should be cleaned
B. The windows should clean
C. The windows are cleaned
D. The windows being cleaned
E. The windows should have cleaned

Jawaban: A. The windows should be cleaned
Cara Menjawab:

• Modal verb → should + be + V3
• Subjek penerima aksi: “the windows”
• Kata kerja: clean → cleaned → “The windows should be cleaned.”

Soal 10
People speak English all over the world → Passive voice
A. English is spoken all over the world
B. English speaks all over the world
C. English spoken all over the world
D. English is speaking all over the world
E. English was spoken all over the world

Jawaban: A. English is spoken all over the world
Cara Menjawab:

• Fakta umum → simple present
• Subjek penerima aksi: “English”
• Kata kerja: speak → spoken → “English is spoken all over the world.”

Tips Belajar Passive Voice Agar Mudah Dijawab di Ujian

1. Pahami rumus passive voice untuk semua tense.
2. Hafalkan bentuk past participle (V3) dari kata kerja yang umum muncul.
3. Perhatikan keterangan waktu untuk menentukan tense yang tepat.
4. Latih transformasi active → passive dan sebaliknya setiap hari.
5. Pahami penggunaan modal verbs dalam passive voice.
6. Fokus pada soal yang sering muncul: fakta umum, prosedur, instruksi, dan berita.
7. Gunakan tabel perbandingan active → passive untuk mempermudah belajar.
8. Latihan soal online atau buku latihan bahasa Inggris untuk membiasakan diri.
9. Selalu periksa kembali tense dan bentuk kata kerja sebelum memilih jawaban.
10. Kombinasikan latihan dengan membaca artikel atau berita dalam bahasa Inggris untuk memahami konteks passive voice nyata.

Kesimpulan

Contoh soal passive voice pilihan ganda dan cara menjawabnya membantu siswa memahami struktur kalimat passive, membedakan active dan passive, dan menentukan tense yang tepat. Dengan latihan rutin, memahami rumus, serta strategi menjawab soal, siswa akan lebih percaya diri menghadapi ujian SMP, SMA, dan seleksi masuk perguruan tinggi. Latihan soal beserta pembahasan seperti di atas adalah salah satu metode efektif untuk menguasai materi passive voice dengan cepat dan tepat.

Penulis : Reyfen