Passive voice adalah salah satu materi yang sering muncul dalam ujian bahasa Inggris SMP, SMA, dan bahkan seleksi CPNS atau tes bahasa Inggris lainnya. Passive voice digunakan ketika fokus kalimat ingin diletakkan pada penerima aksi, bukan pelaku aksi. Struktur umum passive voice adalah to be + past participle (V3), dan pelaku tindakan biasanya diperkenalkan dengan kata “by”, namun bisa dihilangkan jika tidak penting atau tidak diketahui

Menguasai passive voice sangat penting karena membantu dalam menulis laporan, artikel ilmiah, berita, dan komunikasi formal. Soal ujian biasanya berupa pilihan ganda yang menguji kemampuan siswa dalam mengubah kalimat active menjadi passive, memilih kata kerja yang tepat, atau memahami konteks kalimat

Pengertian Passive Voice

Passive voice adalah bentuk kalimat yang menekankan penerima tindakan. Dalam bahasa Inggris, kalimat passive dapat muncul dalam berbagai tense: simple present, present continuous, simple past, past continuous, present perfect, dan future. Contoh: “The letter was written by the student.” Di sini subjek “the letter” menerima aksi menulis, bukan melakukan aksi

Rumus passive voice berdasarkan tense:

• Simple Present: am/is/are + V3 → “The book is read by the student.”
• Present Continuous: am/is/are + being + V3 → “The house is being cleaned by the maid.”
• Simple Past: was/were + V3 → “The car was repaired by the mechanic.”
• Past Continuous: was/were + being + V3 → “The room was being painted by the workers.”
• Present Perfect: has/have + been + V3 → “The project has been completed by the team.”
• Future: will + be + V3 → “The homework will be done by the students.”

10 Contoh Soal Pilgan Passive Voice + Jawaban

Soal 1
The students ______ the homework yesterday.
A. do
B. did
C. are done
D. were done
E. was done

Jawaban: E. was done
Pembahasan: Simple past tense. Passive voice: “The homework was done by the students yesterday.” Subjek “the homework” menerima aksi

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Soal 2
The cake ______ by my mother now.
A. bakes
B. is baked
C. is being baked
D. was baked
E. has baked

Jawaban: C. is being baked
Pembahasan: Present continuous tense ditunjukkan oleh kata “now.” Rumus passive: am/is/are + being + V3 → “The cake is being baked by my mother now.”

Soal 3
The letter has already ______ by the secretary.
A. wrote
B. written
C. been written
D. write
E. writing

Jawaban: C. been written
Pembahasan: Present perfect tense, rumus: has/have + been + V3 → “The letter has been written by the secretary.”

Soal 4
The car ______ by the mechanic when I arrived.
A. repaired
B. was repairing
C. was being repaired
D. is repaired
E. repairs

Jawaban: C. was being repaired
Pembahasan: Past continuous tense passive, karena aksi sedang berlangsung. Rumus: was/were + being + V3 → “The car was being repaired by the mechanic when I arrived.”

Soal 5
English is ______ all over the world.
A. speak
B. spoken
C. speaking
D. spoke
E. speaks

Jawaban: B. spoken
Pembahasan: Simple present passive untuk fakta umum. “English is spoken all over the world.”

Soal 6
They will finish the project next week → Passive voice
A. The project will be finished by them next week
B. The project is finished by them next week
C. The project has been finished by them next week
D. The project will have been finishing by them next week
E. The project is being finished by them next week

Jawaban: A. The project will be finished by them next week
Pembahasan: Future tense passive: will + be + V3 → “The project will be finished by them next week.”

Soal 7
Someone stole my bag → Passive voice
A. My bag was stolen
B. My bag is stolen
C. My bag has been stolen
D. My bag stole
E. My bag being stolen

Jawaban: A. My bag was stolen
Pembahasan: Simple past tense passive. Pelaku tidak disebutkan karena tidak diketahui → “My bag was stolen.”

Soal 8
The students ______ their essays before the deadline.
A. submit
B. were submitted
C. had submitted
D. had been submitted
E. have submitted

Jawaban: D. had been submitted
Pembahasan: Past perfect tense passive → had + been + V3 → “The students’ essays had been submitted before the deadline.”

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Soal 9
The windows are dirty. Somebody should clean them → Passive voice
A. The windows should be cleaned
B. The windows should clean
C. The windows are cleaned
D. The windows being cleaned
E. The windows should have cleaned

Jawaban: A. The windows should be cleaned
Pembahasan: Modal verb + be + V3 → “The windows should be cleaned.”

Soal 10
People speak English all over the world → Passive voice
A. English is spoken all over the world
B. English speaks all over the world
C. English spoken all over the world
D. English is speaking all over the world
E. English was spoken all over the world

Jawaban: A. English is spoken all over the world
Pembahasan: Simple present passive untuk fakta umum. Subjek “English” menerima aksi → “English is spoken all over the world.”

Tips Belajar Passive Voice Agar Mudah di Ujian

1. Pahami rumus passive voice untuk semua tense
2. Hafalkan bentuk past participle (V3) dari kata kerja yang umum muncul
3. Perhatikan keterangan waktu untuk menentukan tense
4. Latih soal transformasi active → passive dan sebaliknya
5. Pahami penggunaan modal verbs dalam passive voice (can, should, must + be + V3)
6. Fokus pada soal yang sering muncul, terutama kalimat fakta umum, prosedur, dan berita
7. Gunakan tabel perbandingan active dan passive voice untuk mempermudah belajar

Kesimpulan

Passive voice adalah materi penting dalam bahasa Inggris yang sering muncul dalam ujian. Menguasai rumus, tense, dan penggunaan modal verb membantu siswa menjawab soal pilihan ganda dengan tepat dan cepat. Latihan soal seperti di atas, beserta pembahasan, membantu siswa memahami struktur passive voice, membedakan active dan passive, serta meningkatkan kemampuan analisis kalimat. Dengan latihan rutin, siswa dapat menguasai passive voice dan menghadapi ujian dengan percaya diri

Penulis : Reyfen