Memahami berbagai jenis teks dalam bahasa Inggris adalah kunci sukses bagi siswa SMP maupun SMA untuk menaklukkan ujian sekolah maupun seleksi masuk perguruan tinggi. Salah satu jenis teks yang paling sering muncul dalam soal reading comprehension adalah Report Text.
Berbeda dengan Descriptive Text yang fokus pada satu objek spesifik, Report Text bertujuan untuk menggambarkan sesuatu secara umum berdasarkan hasil observasi atau penelitian ilmiah. Dalam artikel ini, kita akan membedah secara mendalam apa itu report text, strukturnya, serta menyajikan 10 contoh soal report text dan jawabannya untuk mengasah kemampuan literasi Anda.
Baca Juga : Panduan Lengkap Contoh Soal Tes Kemampuan Kognitif dan Pembahasan Strategis
Apa Itu Report Text?
Sebelum masuk ke latihan soal, mari kita segarkan ingatan tentang definisi dan ciri-ciri report text.
Report Text adalah jenis teks yang menyajikan informasi tentang sesuatu (binatang, fenomena alam, hasil karya manusia, atau gejala sosial) secara apa adanya. Informasi yang disampaikan bersifat objektif dan faktual.
Struktur Umum (Generic Structure)
- General Classification: Berisi pernyataan umum yang menerangkan subjek laporan, keterangan, dan klasifikasinya.
- Description: Memberikan gambaran fenomena yang terjadi, baik bagian-bagiannya, sifat-sifatnya, kebiasaannya, atau tingkah lakunya.
Ciri Kebahasaan (Language Features)
- Menggunakan General Nouns (Contoh: Whales bukan My Pet Whale).
- Menggunakan Relating Verbs (Contoh: Is, are, look, seem).
- Menggunakan Present Tense untuk menyatakan kebenaran umum.
- Menggunakan istilah teknis atau ilmiah.
Kumpulan Soal Latihan Report Text
Berikut adalah 10 soal pilihan ganda yang bervariasi dari tema hewan, teknologi, hingga fenomena alam.
Text 1: For Questions 1-3
The Platypus
Many people call platypus duckbill because this animal has a bill like a duckbill. Platypus is a native Tasmania and southern and eastern Australia. Platypus has a flat tail and webbed feet. Its body length is 30 to 45 cm and covered with a thick and soft coat of fur.
Its bill is detecting the prey and edible objects. Platypus lives in the streams, rivers, and lakes. Female platypus usually digs burrows in the streams or river banks. The baby platypus is born from eggs and their mother feeds them with milk.
1. What is the main idea of the second paragraph? A. The habitat of the platypus. B. The physical appearance of the platypus. C. The way platypus reproduces and finds food. D. The reason why people call it duckbill.
2. Which of the following is TRUE according to the text? A. Platypus is a bird because it lays eggs. B. Platypus has a bill like a duck. C. Platypus lives in the ocean. D. The coat of fur is very thin.
3. “The baby platypus is born from eggs and their mother feeds them with milk.” The bold word “feeds” is closest in meaning to… A. Gives food to B. Eats with C. Looks for D. Takes away
Text 2: For Questions 4-6
Lightning
Lightning is a sudden, violent flash of electricity between a cloud and the ground, or from cloud to cloud. A lightning flash can be several miles long. It is so hot, with an average temperature of 34,000° Centigrade, that the air around it suddenly expands with a loud blast. This is the thunder we hear.
Lightning occurs in hot, wet weather. Rain clouds are formed by moisture that rises from the earth. As it rises, it becomes cooler and forms droplets of water. If the air is rising very fast, these droplets may freeze into ice. The movement of ice and water inside the cloud creates static electricity. When the charge becomes too great, it jumps out as a flash of lightning.
4. What causes the sound of thunder? A. The movement of ice inside the cloud. B. The sudden expansion of air due to high temperature. C. The collision between two clouds. D. The falling of rain to the ground.
5. Lightning is most likely to happen during… A. Cold and dry weather. B. Snowy seasons. C. Hot and wet weather. D. Windy autumn nights.
6. “As it rises, it becomes cooler…” (Paragraph 2). The word “it” refers to… A. The earth. B. The lightning. C. The moisture. D. The thunder.
Text 3: For Questions 7-8
Volcanoes
A volcano is an opening in the earth’s crust through which molten rock, ash, and gases erupt. Volcanoes are often shaped like mountains because the layers of rock and ash build up over time.
There are three main types of volcanoes: active, dormant, and extinct. An active volcano is one that has erupted recently or is expected to erupt soon. A dormant volcano is “sleeping” but could wake up in the future. An extinct volcano is unlikely to ever erupt again.
7. What is the difference between an active and a dormant volcano? A. Active volcanoes are bigger than dormant ones. B. Active volcanoes erupt recently, while dormant ones are currently sleeping. C. Dormant volcanoes are more dangerous than active ones. D. Extinct volcanoes are the same as dormant volcanoes.
8. Why do volcanoes often look like mountains? A. Because they are located in the highland. B. Because the government builds them that way. C. Because layers of rock and ash accumulate over time. D. Because they are part of a mountain range.
Text 4: For Questions 9-10
Computers
A computer is an electronic device that manipulates information, or data. It has the ability to store, retrieve, and process data. You may already know that you can use a computer to type documents, send email, play games, and browse the Web.
All computers consist of two main parts: hardware and software. Hardware is any part of your computer that has a physical structure, such as the keyboard or mouse. Software is any set of instructions that tells the hardware what to do and how to do it.
9. According to the text, what is software? A. The physical parts of a computer. B. A device to type documents. C. A set of instructions for the hardware. D. The screen and the keyboard.
10. What can a computer do with data? A. Only store it. B. Manipulate, store, retrieve, and process it. C. Only use it for games. D. Destroy it automatically.
Kunci Jawaban dan Pembahasan
Berikut adalah kunci jawaban agar Anda bisa mengevaluasi hasil latihan mandiri Anda:
- C (The way platypus reproduces and finds food) Pembahasan: Paragraf kedua membahas tentang cara platypus mencari makan (menggunakan paruh) dan cara bereproduksi (bertelur dan menyusui).
- B (Platypus has a bill like a duck) Pembahasan: Kalimat pertama teks menyatakan “this animal has a bill like a duckbill.”
- A (Gives food to) Pembahasan: “Feeds” dalam konteks ini berarti memberi makan.
- B (The sudden expansion of air due to high temperature) Pembahasan: Lihat kalimat terakhir paragraf pertama: “…the air around it suddenly expands with a loud blast. This is the thunder we hear.”
- C (Hot and wet weather) Pembahasan: Tertera jelas di awal paragraf kedua: “Lightning occurs in hot, wet weather.”
- C (The moisture) Pembahasan: Subjek yang sedang dibahas naik dari bumi dan mendingin adalah moisture (kelembaban).
- B (Active volcanoes erupt recently, while dormant ones are currently sleeping) Pembahasan: Paragraf kedua menjelaskan definisi masing-masing status gunung berapi.
- C (Because layers of rock and ash accumulate over time) Pembahasan: Kalimat kedua paragraf pertama menjelaskan proses pembentukan bentuk gunung tersebut.
- C (A set of instructions for the hardware) Pembahasan: Definisi software ada di kalimat terakhir: “Software is any set of instructions…”
- B (Manipulate, store, retrieve, and process it) Pembahasan: Tertera pada paragraf pertama: “It has the ability to store, retrieve, and process data.”
Tips Menjawab Soal Reading Report Text
Agar Anda mendapatkan skor maksimal dalam ujian, gunakan strategi berikut:
- Skimming: Baca cepat seluruh teks untuk mendapatkan gambaran umum (apa yang sedang dibahas).
- Scanning: Cari kata kunci yang ada di soal dalam teks. Misalnya jika soal menanyakan “temperature”, langsung cari angka atau simbol derajat di teks.
- Pahami Konteks: Report text sering menggunakan istilah ilmiah. Jika Anda tidak tahu arti satu kata, jangan panik. Lihat kalimat sebelum dan sesudahnya untuk menebak maknanya.
- Bedakan Fakta dan Opini: Karena report text adalah teks ilmiah, hampir semua isinya adalah fakta. Hindari memilih jawaban yang bersifat perasaan atau asumsi pribadi.
Kesimpulan
Latihan soal Report Text secara rutin akan membantu meningkatkan kemampuan analisis data dan penguasaan kosa kata teknis dalam bahasa Inggris. Contoh-contoh di atas mencakup tema yang sering keluar dalam ujian nasional maupun ujian sekolah.
Penulis : Nabila
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