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Belajar bahasa Inggris bukan hanya soal tata bahasa, tetapi juga memahami jenis teks. Salah satu yang paling sering muncul dalam ujian adalah Report Text. Berbeda dengan Descriptive Text yang fokus pada satu objek spesifik, Report Text menyajikan informasi apa adanya berdasarkan hasil pengamatan ilmiah atau fakta umum.
Artikel ini akan menyajikan 10 contoh soal Report Text yang terbagi dalam dua kategori: Hewan dan Fenomena Alam, lengkap dengan analisis struktur dan pembahasannya.
Baca Juga : Panduan Lengkap Contoh Soal Tes Kemampuan Kognitif dan Pembahasan Strategis
Memahami Struktur Report Text
Sebelum masuk ke soal, ingatlah bahwa Report Text memiliki dua struktur utama:
- General Classification: Pengenalan umum tentang objek yang dibahas.
- Description: Penjelasan detail mengenai ciri fisik, habitat, perilaku, atau proses terjadinya sesuatu.
Bagian 1: Contoh Soal Report Text tentang Hewan
Teks 1: The Komodo Dragon
The Komodo dragon is the world’s largest lizard. It lives on the islands of Komodo, Rinca, Flores, and Gili Motang in Indonesia. It can grow to a length of 3 meters and weigh up to 70 kilograms.
Komodo dragons are apex predators. They hunt and ambush prey including invertebrates, birds, and mammals. It has been claimed that they have a venomous bite. They have long, yellow, forked tongues which they use to detect scents.
Soal 1: What is the main purpose of the text? A. To describe a specific Komodo dragon named Rinca. B. To tell a story about a dragon. C. To provide general information about Komodo dragons. D. To persuade people to protect Komodo dragons.
Pembahasan: Jawaban yang benar adalah C. Teks tersebut tidak menceritakan satu ekor Komodo spesifik (Descriptive), melainkan spesies Komodo secara umum (Report).
Soal 2: How do Komodo dragons detect smells? A. By using their nostrils. B. By using their long, forked tongues. C. By using their sharp eyes. D. By feeling vibrations.
Pembahasan: Jawaban adalah B. Sesuai dengan kalimat terakhir: “…forked tongues which they use to detect scents.”
Teks 2: Platypus
The platypus is a semi-aquatic mammal endemic to eastern Australia. It is one of the few mammals that lay eggs instead of giving birth to live young. It has a bill like a duck, a tail like a beaver, and feet like an otter.
The male platypus also has a spur on the hind foot that delivers a venom capable of causing severe pain to humans. They are nocturnal and spend most of their time swimming in rivers to find food like worms and insects.
Soal 3: What makes the platypus unique among mammals? A. It can swim in the water. B. It lays eggs. C. It lives in Australia. D. It has a tail.
Pembahasan: Jawaban adalah B. Kalimat “one of the few mammals that lay eggs” menunjukkan keunikan utamanya sebagai monotreme.
Soal 4: The word “nocturnal” in the second paragraph means… A. Active during the day. B. Active during the night. C. Sleeping all the time. &D. Living in the water.
Pembahasan: Jawaban adalah B. Nocturnal adalah istilah biologi untuk hewan yang aktif di malam hari.
Teks 3: Honey Bees
Honey bees are social insects that live in colonies. A colony consists of three types of bees: the queen, drones, and workers. The queen is the only one that can lay eggs. Workers are females that do not breed; they gather food and protect the hive. Drones are males whose only job is to mate with the queen.
Soal 5: What is the role of the drones in a bee colony? A. To gather food for the hive. B. To lay eggs. C. To protect the queen. D. To mate with the queen.
Pembahasan: Jawaban adalah D. Kalimat terakhir menyebutkan “Drones are males whose only job is to mate with the queen.”
Bagian 2: Contoh Soal Report Text tentang Fenomena Alam
Teks 4: Earthquakes
An earthquake is the shaking of the surface of the Earth resulting from a sudden release of energy in the Earth’s lithosphere that creates seismic waves. Earthquakes can range in intensity, from those that are so weak that they cannot be felt, to those violent enough to propel objects and people into the air.
At the Earth’s surface, earthquakes manifest themselves by shaking and displacing or disrupting the ground. When the epicenter of a large earthquake is located offshore, the seabed may be displaced sufficiently to cause a tsunami.
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Soal 6: What causes an earthquake according to the text? A. The movement of wind in the atmosphere. B. A sudden release of energy in the Earth’s lithosphere. C. The heat of the sun. D. Human activities in the forest.
Pembahasan: Jawaban adalah B. Hal ini disebutkan secara eksplisit pada kalimat pertama paragraf pertama.
Soal 7: What might happen if a large earthquake occurs under the sea? A. A volcanic eruption. B. A landslide. C. A tsunami. D. A whirlwind.
Pembahasan: Jawaban adalah C. Sesuai dengan kalimat penutup: “…the seabed may be displaced sufficiently to cause a tsunami.”
Teks 5: Rainbows
A rainbow is a meteorological phenomenon that is caused by reflection, refraction, and dispersion of light in water droplets resulting in a spectrum of light appearing in the sky. It takes the form of a multi-coloured circular arc.
Rainbows caused by sunlight always appear in the section of sky directly opposite the sun. To see a rainbow, the sun must be behind the observer and the rain must be in front.
Soal 8: What three processes create a rainbow? A. Heat, light, and sound. B. Reflection, refraction, and dispersion. C. Evaporation, condensation, and precipitation. D. Sunlight, clouds, and wind.
Pembahasan: Jawaban adalah B. Disebutkan di paragraf pertama: “…caused by reflection, refraction, and dispersion of light.”
Soal 9: Where should the sun be located if you want to see a rainbow? A. In front of you. B. Above your head. C. Behind you. D. Beside you.
Pembahasan: Jawaban adalah C. Teks menyatakan: “the sun must be behind the observer.”
Teks 6: Lightning
Lightning is a naturally occurring electrostatic discharge during which two electrically charged regions, in the atmosphere or on the ground, temporarily neutralize themselves. This discharge may produce an average of 30,000 amperes.
Lightning creates light in the form of a flash and also sound in the form of thunder. Lightning may be seen before it is heard because light travels much faster than sound.
Soal 10: Why do we see the flash of lightning before we hear the thunder? A. Because thunder happens later. B. Because light travels faster than sound. C. Because our eyes are better than our ears. D. Because lightning is brighter than thunder.
Pembahasan: Jawaban adalah B. Kalimat terakhir menjelaskan: “light travels much faster than sound.”
Tips Menjawab Soal Report Text
- Cari Kata Kunci: Jika soal menanyakan “What”, “How”, atau “Why”, cari kata kunci tersebut di dalam teks.
- Pahami General vs Specific: Report text selalu bicara tentang kelompok (misal: Bees), bukan individu (misal: My Bee).
- Vocabulary Ilmiah: Biasakan diri dengan istilah seperti habitat, species, phenomenon, process, dan characteristic.
Kesimpulan
Mempelajari Report Text sangat penting untuk meningkatkan kemampuan literasi sains dalam bahasa Inggris. Dengan berlatih 10 soal di atas, diharapkan Anda lebih siap menghadapi ujian sekolah maupun tes kemahiran bahasa Inggris lainnya.
Penulis : Nabila
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