Narrative text merupakan salah satu jenis teks yang paling sering muncul dalam ujian Bahasa Inggris, baik di tingkat SMP, SMA, maupun tes kemampuan bahasa seperti TOEFL dan UTBK. Teks ini bertujuan untuk menceritakan suatu kisah yang bersifat menghibur, memberi pesan moral, atau menyampaikan pengalaman tertentu. Dalam artikel ini, kamu akan mempelajari pengertian narrative text, struktur, ciri-ciri, serta contoh soal narrative text lengkap dengan pembahasan agar mudah dipahami.
Baca juga: Rahasia Mudah Pahami Teorema Faktor Lengkap
Apa Itu Narrative Text?
Narrative text adalah teks yang berisi cerita dengan urutan peristiwa yang kronologis. Cerita bisa bersumber dari kisah nyata, dongeng, legenda, fabel, maupun cerita imajinatif. Tujuan utama dari narrative text adalah to entertain the reader (menghibur pembaca) dan to teach moral values (memberikan pesan moral).
Beberapa contoh jenis narrative text antara lain:
- Fable (cerita binatang seperti The Tortoise and The Hare)
- Legend (cerita rakyat seperti Malin Kundang)
- Fairy Tale (dongeng seperti Cinderella)
- Myth (mitos seperti The Story of Mount Tangkuban Perahu)
Struktur Narrative Text
Agar kamu lebih mudah mengenali dan memahami narrative text, penting untuk mengetahui struktur utamanya, yaitu:
- Orientation – Bagian pengenalan tokoh, waktu, dan tempat terjadinya cerita.
- Complication – Bagian di mana muncul masalah atau konflik dalam cerita.
- Resolution – Bagian penyelesaian dari masalah yang terjadi.
- Re-orientation (optional) – Kesimpulan atau pesan moral dari cerita.
Contoh sederhana:
Once upon a time, there was a kind girl named Cinderella. She lived with her stepmother and stepsisters who treated her badly. One day, she went to the royal ball and met the prince. They fell in love, and Cinderella’s kindness brought her happiness ever after.
Ciri-Ciri Narrative Text
Beberapa ciri khas narrative text yang perlu kamu perhatikan antara lain:
- Menggunakan past tense (masa lampau).
- Mengandung unsur time signal seperti once upon a time, long ago, one day, finally.
- Banyak menggunakan action verbs (kata kerja tindakan).
- Memiliki alur cerita yang jelas: awal, konflik, dan akhir.
Dengan memahami ciri-ciri ini, kamu bisa lebih mudah mengidentifikasi narrative text dalam soal ujian.
Contoh Soal Narrative Text dan Pembahasan
Teks 1:
The Fox and The Crow
One day, a crow was sitting on a branch with a piece of cheese in her beak. A hungry fox came by and saw the crow. He wanted the cheese, so he said, “How beautiful you are, dear crow! Your voice must be sweet too. Can you sing a song for me?”
The crow was so flattered by the fox’s words that she opened her beak to sing. The cheese fell down, and the fox quickly ate it.
The crow realized she had been fooled and felt ashamed of her vanity.
Question 1: What is the moral value of the story?
A. Don’t be greedy
B. Don’t trust flatterers
C. Sharing is caring
D. Always help others
Answer: B. Don’t trust flatterers
Explanation: The crow believed the fox’s compliments and lost her food. The story teaches us not to easily believe in people who flatter us for their own benefit.
Question 2: What did the fox want from the crow?
A. Her friendship
B. Her song
C. Her cheese
D. Her beauty
Answer: C. Her cheese
Explanation: From the story, it’s clear that the fox pretended to praise the crow only to get the cheese.
Question 3: What happened to the crow at the end of the story?
A. She became friends with the fox
B. She lost her cheese
C. She flew away happily
D. She sang beautifully
Answer: B. She lost her cheese
Explanation: The crow dropped the cheese while trying to sing, and the fox immediately ate it.
Contoh Soal Narrative Text Kedua
The Legend of Malin Kundang
Once upon a time, there was a poor widow who lived with her only son, Malin Kundang. Malin was a diligent boy who worked hard to help his mother. One day, he went sailing and promised to come back.
Years later, Malin returned as a wealthy man. However, he was ashamed of his poor mother and refused to acknowledge her. His mother, feeling heartbroken, prayed to God to punish him. Soon after, Malin was turned into stone as a consequence of his arrogance.
Question 1: What lesson can we learn from the story?
A. We should respect our parents
B. We should travel far to be successful
C. We must be proud of our wealth
D. We should never believe in others
Answer: A. We should respect our parents
Explanation: The story emphasizes the importance of honoring and loving one’s parents, no matter how rich or successful we become.
Question 2: What caused Malin Kundang to be turned into stone?
A. He disobeyed his mother
B. He forgot his promise
C. He refused to recognize his mother
D. He was too proud of his wealth
Answer: C. He refused to recognize his mother
Explanation: Malin’s disrespectful behavior toward his mother became the cause of his punishment.
Tips Menghadapi Soal Narrative Text
- Baca dengan cepat namun cermat – Temukan ide pokok tiap paragraf.
- Perhatikan kata kunci waktu – Kata seperti once upon a time atau suddenly sering menandai perubahan alur.
- Cari moral value di akhir cerita – Biasanya nilai moral terdapat pada bagian penutup atau re-orientation.
- Perhatikan kata kerja bentuk lampau (past tense) – Hampir semua narrative text menggunakan bentuk ini.
- Latihan soal rutin – Semakin sering berlatih, semakin cepat kamu mengenali pola soal dan jawabannya.
Baca juga: Mahasiswa Universitas Teknokrat Indonesia Sabet Juara Nasional dalam Ajang Lomba Bahasa Inggris 2025
Contoh Soal Tambahan
Text:
The Lion and the Mouse
A lion was sleeping when a little mouse ran across his nose. The lion woke up and caught the mouse. The mouse begged, “Please let me go. Someday I’ll help you.” The lion laughed but released the mouse.
A few days later, the lion was caught in a hunter’s net. The mouse heard him roar and came to help. It gnawed the net and set the lion free.
Question: What is the moral value of the story?
A. Never underestimate others
B. Don’t disturb sleeping animals
C. Big animals are always strong
D. Always trust strangers
Answer: A. Never underestimate others
Explanation: The lion initially underestimated the small mouse, but the mouse eventually saved his life, showing that everyone can be helpful no matter their size.
Penulis: Dena Triana
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