Polistes
Polistes tawon kertas kosmopolitan dan menjadi satu-satunya genus dalam tribus Polistini . Nama umum untuk genus ini mencakup tawon payung , yang pertama kali digunakan oleh Walter Ebeling pada 1975 untuk membedakannya dengan jenis-jenis tawon kertas lainnya. Nama ini merujuk kepada betuk sarang mereka, dan tawon kertas payung . Polistes adalah genus terbesar pada famili Vespidae , dengan lebih dari 200 spesies yang telah diakui.
Spesies
Polistes actaeon Haliday, 1836 Polistes adelphus Richards, 1978 Polistes adustus Bingham, 1897 Polistes affinis Gusenleitner, 2006 Polistes africanus Palisot de Beauvois, 1818 Polistes albicinctus de Saussure, 1890 Polistes albocalcaratus du Buysson, 1905 Polistes angulinus Richards, 1951 Polistes angusticlypeus Gusenleitner, 2006 Polistes annularis (Linnaeus, 1763) Polistes apachus (de Saussure, 1857) Polistes apicalis de Saussure, 1858 Polistes aquilinus du Buysson, 1905 Polistes arizonensis Snelling, 1954 Polistes arthuri Cameron, 1901 Polistes assamensis Bingham, 1897 Polistes associus Kohl, 1898 Polistes asterope Cameron, 1901
Polistes aterrimus de Saussure, 1853 Polistes atrimandibularis Zimmermann, 1930 Polistes atrox Richards, 1978 Polistes aurifer de Saussure, 1853 Polistes austroccidentalis Van Achterberg & Neumeyer, 2017 [ 3] Polistes badius Gerstaecker, 1871 Polistes bahamensis Bequaert & Salt, 1931 Polistes balder Kirby, 1888 Polistes bambusae Richards, 1978
Polistes bellicosus Cresson, 1872 Polistes bequaertellus Snelling, 1983, Polistes bequaerti von Schulthess, 1921 Polistes bequaertianus Willink, 1954 Polistes bicolor Lepeletier, 1836 Polistes biglumis (Linnaeus, 1758) Polistes biguttatus Haliday, 1836 Polistes billardieri Fabricius, 1804
Polistes binotatus de Saussure, 1853 Polistes bischoffi Weyrauch, 1937 Polistes bituberculatus du Buysson, 1905 Polistes boharti Snelling, 1983 Polistes brevifissus Richards, 1978 Polistes brunus Nguyen & Carpenter, 2017 [ 4] Polistes bucharensis Petersen, 1990 [ 3] Polistes buruensis Erichson, 184 Polistes buyssoni Brèthes, 1909 Polistes callimorphus de Saussure, 1853 Polistes canadensis (Linnaeus, 1758)
Polistes candidoi von Ihering, 1903 Polistes capnodes van der Vecht, 1972
Polistes carnifex (Fabricius, 1775)
Polistes carolina (Linnaeus, 1767) Polistes cavapyta de Saussure, 1853 Polistes cavapytiformis Richards, 1978 Polistes celebensis Selis, 2018 Polistes chinensis (Fabricius, 1793)
Polistes cinerascens de Saussure, 1854 Polistes claripennis Ducke, 1904 Polistes clavicornis van der Vecht, 1972 Polistes comanchus de Saussure, 1857
Polistes communalis Nguyen, Vu, & Carpenter, 2017 [ 4] Polistes consobrinus de Saussure, 1858 Polistes contrarius Cheesman, 1951 Polistes crinitus (Felton, 1765)
Polistes cubensis Lepeletier, 1836 Polistes davillae Richards, 1978 Polistes dawnae Dover & Rao, 1922 Polistes deceptor Schulz, 1905 Polistes defectivus Gerstaecker, 1871 Polistes delhiensis Das & Gupta, 1984 Polistes diabolicus de Saussure, 1853 Polistes diakonovi Kostylev, 1940 Polistes dominicus (Vallot, 1802) Polistes dominula (Christ, 1791) Polistes dorsalis (Fabricius, 1775)
Polistes ebsohinus Sonan, 1943 Polistes eburneus Bequaert, 1943 Polistes elegans Smith, 1859 Polistes ellenbergi du Buysson, 1908 Polistes ephippium Cameron, 1900 Polistes erythrinus Holmgren, 1868 Polistes erythrocephalus Latreille, 1813 Polistes esperanzae Selis, 2018 Polistes exclamans Viereck, 1906 Polistes extraneus Kirby, 1883 Polistes facilis de Saussure, 1853 Polistes fastidiosus de Saussure, 1853 Polistes ferreri de Saussure, 1853 Polistes flavitarsis Selis, 2018 Polistes flavobilineatus (Cameron, 1902) Polistes flavus Cresson, 1868 Polistes foederatus Kohl, 1898 [ 3] Polistes fordi van der Vecht, 1972 Polistes formosanus Sonan, 1927 Polistes franciscanus Richards, 1978 Polistes fuscatus (Fabricius, 1793) Polistes gallicus (Linnaeus, 1767) Polistes geminatus Fox, 1898
Polistes gigas (Kirby, 1826) Polistes goeldii Ducke, 1904 Polistes haugi du Buysson, 1906 Polistes hebridensis Giordani Soika, 1981
Polistes helveticus Neumeyer, 2014 [ 5] Polistes hirsuticornis Buck, 2012 [ 6] Polistes horrendus Gusenleitner, 2006 Polistes huacapistana Richards, 1978 Polistes huisunensis Kuo, 1987 Polistes humeralis Polašek, 2023 Polistes humilis (Fabricius, 1781)
Polistes incertus Cresson, 1865 Polistes indicus Stolfa, 1934 Polistes infuscatus Lepeletier, 1836
Polistes instabilis de Saussure, 1853 Polistes intermedius Kojima, 1988 Polistes iranus Guiglia, 1976 Polistes japonicus de Saussure, 1858 Polistes jokahamae Radoszkowski, 1887 Polistes kaibabensis Hayward, 1932 Polistes khasianus Cameron, 1900 Polistes laevigatissimus Giordani Soika, 1975 Polistes lanio (Fabricius, 1775)
Polistes lateritius Smith, 1857 Polistes latinis Das & Gupta, 1984 Polistes legnotus van der Vecht, 1972 Polistes lepcha Cameron, 1900 Polistes lineonotus Bohart, 1949 Polistes loveridgei Bequaert, 1938 Polistes lycus Cameron, 1901 Polistes macrocephalus Bequaert, 1918 Polistes madecassus de Saussure, 1853 Polistes madiburensis von Schulthess, 1921 Polistes major Palisot de Beauvois, 1818
Polistes mandarinus de Saussure, 1853 Polistes maranonensis Willink, 1964 Polistes marginalis (Fabricius, 1775)
Polistes maroccanus Schmid-Egger, 2017 [ 3] Polistes meadeanus von Schulthess, 1913 Polistes melanopterus Cameron, 1911 Polistes melanosoma de Saussure, 1853 Polistes melanotus Richards, 1978 Polistes mertoni du Buysson, 1913 Polistes metricus Say, 1831 Polistes mexicanus Bequaert, 1940 Polistes minor Palisot de Beauvois, 1818 Polistes mongolicus Buysson, 1911 [ 3] Polistes moraballi Richards, 1951 Polistes myersi Bequaert, 1934
Polistes mysteriosus Bequaert, 1938 Polistes niger Brèthes, 1903 Polistes nigrifrons Smith, 1859
Polistes nigritarsis Cameron, 1900 Polistes nigrosericans Bequaert, 1940 Polistes nimpha (Christ, 1791) Polistes ninabamba Richards, 1978 Polistes nipponensis Pérez, 1905 Polistes notatipes Richards, 1978 Polistes obscurus de Saussure, 1863 Polistes occipitalis Ducke, 1904 Polistes occultus Kojima, 1988 Polistes oculatus Smith, 1857 Polistes olivaceus (DeGeer, 1773) Polistes opacus Gusenleitner, 2006 Polistes ornatus Lepeletier, 1836 Polistes pacificus Fabricius, 1804 Polistes palmarum Bequaert, 1936 Polistes paraguayensis Bertoni, 1921 Polistes parametricus Buck, 2012 [ 6] Polistes penai Richards, 1978 Polistes penthicus van der Vecht, 1972
Polistes perflavus van der Vecht, 1972 Polistes peruvianus Bequaert, 1934 Polistes philippinensis de Saussure, 1853 Polistes poeyi Lepeletier, 1836
Polistes praenotatus Kohl, 1908 Polistes pseudoculatus Snelling, 1955 Polistes quadricingulatus Gusenleitner, 2006 Polistes ridleyi Kirby, 1890 Polistes riekii Richards, 1978 Polistes riparius Yamane & Yamane, 1987 Polistes rossi Bohart, 1949 Polistes rothneyi Cameron, 1900
Polistes rothneyi carletoni van der Vecht, 1968 Polistes rothneyi engeli van der Vecht, 1968 Polistes rothneyi grahami van der Vecht, 1968 Polistes rothneyi gressitti van der Vecht, 1968 Polistes rothneyi hainanensis van der Vecht, 1968 Polistes rothneyi helvenacus van der Vecht, 1968 Polistes rothneyi ingrami van der Vecht, 1968 Polistes rothneyi iwatai van der Vecht, 1968 Polistes rothneyi koreanus van der Vecht, 1968 Polistes rothneyi krombeini van der Vecht, 1968 Polistes rothneyi quatei van der Vecht, 1968 Polistes rothneyi robinsoni van der Vecht, 1968 Polistes rothneyi rothneyi Cameron, 1900 Polistes rothneyi sikkimensis van der Vecht, 1968 Polistes rothneyi tibetanus van der Vecht, 1968 Polistes rothneyi vechti Das and Gupta, 1984 Polistes rothneyi rothneyi Matsumura, 1911 Polistes rubellus Gusenleitner, 2006 Polistes rubiginosus Lepeletier, 1836 [ 6] Polistes rufidens de Saussure, 1853 Polistes rufiventris Ducke, 1904 Polistes rufodorsalis Yamane & Kusigemati, 1985 Polistes sagittarius de Saussure, 1853 Polistes santoshae Das & Gupta, 1984 Polistes satan Bequaert, 1940 Polistes saussurei Dalla Torre, 1894 Polistes schach (Fabricius, 1781) Polistes semenowi Morawitz, 1889 Polistes semiflavus Holmgren, 1868 Polistes sgarambus Giordani Soika, 1975 Polistes shirakii Sonan, 1943 Polistes sikorae de Saussure, 1900 Polistes similis Das & Gupta, 1984 Polistes simillimus Zikán, 1951 Polistes simulatus Smith, 1860
Polistes smithii de Saussure, 1853
Polistes snelleni de Saussure, 1862 Polistes stabilinus Richards, 1978 Polistes stenopus van der Vecht, 1972
Polistes stigma (Fabricius, 1793)
Polistes stigma alagari Petersen, 1987 Polistes stigma bernardii Le Guillou, 1841 Polistes stigma dubius de Saussure, 1867 Polistes stigma galatheae Petersen, 1987 Polistes stigma goestai Petersen, 1987 Polistes stigma jani Petersen, 1987 Polistes stigma maculipennis de Saussure, 1853 Polistes stigma madsi Petersen, 1987 Polistes stigma manillensis de Saussure, 1853 Polistes stigma nebulosus Yamane & Kusigemati, 1985 Polistes stigma novarae de Saussure, 1867 Polistes stigma papuanus Schulz, 1905 Polistes stigma pouli Petersen, 1987 Polistes stigma sauiensis Petersen, 1987 Polistes stigma stigma (Fabricius, 1793) Polistes stigma svendi Petersen, 1987 Polistes stigma tamulus (Fabricius, 1798) [ 7] Polistes stigma townsvillensis Giordani Soika, 1975 Polistes stigma tualensis Petersen, 1987 Polistes strigosus Bequaert, 1940
Polistes subsericeus de Saussure, 1854 Polistes takasagonus Sonan, 1943 Polistes tenebricosus Lepeletier, 1836 Polistes tenebris Nguyen & Lee 2017 [ 4] Polistes tenellus du Buysson, 1905
Polistes tenuipunctatus Selis, 2018 Polistes tenuispunctia Kim, 2001 Polistes tepidus (Fabricius, 1775)
Polistes testaceicolor Bequaert, 1937 Polistes thoracicus Fox, 1898 Polistes torresae Silveira, 1994 Polistes tristis Meade-Waldo, 1911 Polistes tullgreni Schulz, 1906 Polistes utakwae Meade-Waldo, 1916 Polistes variabilis (Fabricius, 1781) Polistes veracrucis Richards, 1978 Polistes versicolor (Olivier, 1792)
Polistes wattii Cameron, 1900 Polistes watutus Kojima, 1988 Polistes weyrauchorum Willink, 1964 Polistes williamsi Petersen, 1990 Polistes xanthogaster Bequaert, 1940
Polistes xantholeucus van der Vecht, 1984
Referensi
↑ Carpenter, James M. (2008). "Review of Hawaiian Vespidae (Hymenoptera)" (PDF) . Occasional Papers of the Bishop Museum . 99 : 1– 18. Diarsipkan dari asli (PDF) tanggal 6 September 2017. ↑ "Polistes Latreille, 1802" . Fauna Europaea . Fauna Europaea Secretariat, Museum für Naturkunde Leibniz & Institut für Evolutions- und Biodiversitätsforschung. Diakses tanggal 22 Januari 2020 .1 2 3 4 5 Schmid-Egger C, van Achterberg K, Neumeyer R, Morinière J, Schmidt S (2017) Revision of the West Palaearctic Polistes Latreille, with the descriptions of two species – an integrative approach using morphology and DNA barcodes (Hymenoptera, Vespidae). ZooKeys 713: 53-112. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.713.11335 1 2 3 Nguyen, Lien Thi Phuong; Vu, Thuong Thi; Lee, John X.Q.; Carpenter, James M (2017). "Taxonomic notes on the Polistes stigma group (Hymenoptera, vespidae: Polistinae) from continental Southeast Asia, with descriptions of three new species and a key to species" . The Raffles Bulletin of Zoology . 65 : 269– 279. Diakses tanggal 24 September 2023 . ↑
Neumeyer, Rainer; Baur, Hannes; Guex, Gaston-Denis; Praz, Christophe (2014). "A new species of the paper wasp genus Polistes (Hymenoptera, Vespidae, Polistinae) in Europe revealed by morphometrics and molecular analyses" . ZooKeys (400): 67– 118. Bibcode :2014ZooK..400...67N . doi :10.3897/zookeys.400.6611 PMC 4023243 PMID 24843256 . 1 2 3 Buck, Matthias ; Cobb, T.P.; Stahlhut, J.K.; Hanner, R.H. (1 Oktober 2012). "Unravelling cryptic species diversity in eastern Nearctic paper wasps, Polistes (Fuscopolistes ), using male genitalia, morphometrics and DNA barcoding, with descriptions of two new species (Hymenoptera: Vespidae)". Zootaxa . 3502 (1): 1. doi :10.11646/zootaxa.3502.1.1 .↑ Castro, Leopoldo; Dvořák, Libor (2009). "New and noteworthy records of vespid wasps (Hymenoptera: Vespidae) from the Palaearctic region (II)" . Boletín Sociedad Entomológica Aragonesa (44): 295– 304. Diakses tanggal 18 September 2023 .
