Malam Kedua Belas (juga dikenal sebagai Malam Epifani tergantung pada tradisinya) adalah perayaan Kristen pada malam terakhir dari Dua Belas Hari Natal, yang menandai datangnya Epifani.[1] Tradisi yang berbeda menandai tanggal Malam Kedua Belas sebagai 5 Januari atau 6 Januari, tergantung pada apakah penghitungan dimulai pada Hari Natal atau 26 Desember.[2][3][4] Tanggal 6 Januari dirayakan sebagai perayaan Epifani, yang menandai dimulainya musim Epifani.[5][6]
↑Hatch, Jane M. (1978). The American Book of Days. Wilson. ISBN9780824205935. January 5th: Twelfth Night or Epiphany Eve. Twelfth Night, the last evening of the traditional Twelve Days of Christmas, has been observed with festive celebration ever since the Middle Ages.
↑Arcadi, James M. (February 2, 2021). "Candlemas for the Souls". All Souls Anglican Church. The Feast of the Presentation is considered by many to be the close of the Christmas to Epiphany Season.
↑Mangan, Louise; Wyse, Nancy; Farr, Lori (2001). Rediscovering the Seasons of the Christian Year. Wood Lake Publishing Inc. hlm.69. ISBN9781551454986. Epiphany is often heralded by "Twelfth Night" celebrations (12 days after Christmas), on the evening before the Feast of Epiphany. Some Christian communities prepare Twelfth Night festivities with drama, singing, rituals - and food! ... Sometimes several congregations walk in lines from church to church, carrying candles to symbolize the light of Christ shining and spreading. Other faith communities move from house to house, blessing each home as they search for the Christ child.
↑Pennick, Nigel (21 May 2015). Pagan Magic of the Northern Tradition: Customs, Rites, and Ceremonies. Inner Traditions – Bear & Company. hlm.176. ISBN9781620553909. On Twelfth Night in German-speaking countries, the Sternsinger ("star singers") go around to houses carrying a paper or wooden star on a pole. They sing an Epiphany carol, then one of them writes in chalk over the door a formula consisting of the initials of the Three Wise Men in the Nativity story, Caspar, Melchior, and Balthasar, with crosses between them and the year date on either side; for example: 20 +M+B 15. This is said to protect the house and its inhabitants until the next Epiphany.
Bacaan lebih lanjut
"Christmas". Catholic Encyclopedia. Diakses tanggal 22 December 2005. Primarily subhead Popular Merrymaking under Liturgy and Custom.
Christmas Trivia edited by Jennie Miller Helderman, Mary Caulkins. Gramercy, 2002
Marix-Evans, Martin. The Twelve Days of Christmas. Peter Pauper Press, 2002
Bowler, Gerry. The World Encyclopedia of Christmas. McClelland & Stewart, 2004
Collins, Ace. Stories Behind the Great Traditions of Christmas. Zondervan, 2003
Wells, Robin Headlam. Shakespeare's Humanism. Cambridge University Press, 2006
J. Brand, 1813, Popular Antiquities, 2 Vols (London)
W. Hone, 1830, The Every-Day Book 3 Vols (London), cf Vol I pp 41–61.
Sumber berbahasa Inggris awal
(diambil dari Buku Harian Hone, referensi sebagaimana ditemukan):
Vox Graculi, 4to, 1623: 6 January, Masking in the Strand, Cheapside, Holbourne, or Fleet-street (London), and eating spice-bread.
The Popish Kingdom, 'Naogeorgus': Baking of the twelfth-cake with a penny in it, the slices distributed to members of the household to give to the poor: whoever finds the penny is proclaimed king among them.
Nichols, Queen Elizabeth's Progresses: An entertainment at Sudley, temp. Elizabeth I, including Melibaeus, king of the bean, and Nisa, queen of the pea.
Pinkerton, Ancient Scottish Poems: Letter from Sir Thomas Randolph to Robert Dudley, 1st Earl of Leicester dated 15 January 1563, mentioning that Lady Flemyng was Queen of the Beene on Twelfth-Day that year.
Ben Jonson, Christmas, His Masque (1616, published 1641): A character 'Baby-cake' is attended by an usher carrying a great cake with a beane and a pease.
Samuel Pepys, Diaries (1659/60): Epiphany Eve party, selecting of King and Queen by a cake (see King cake).
