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Insiden 31 Maret

Insiden 31 Maret (bahasa Turki: 31 Mart Vakasıcode: tr is deprecated , 31 Mart Olayıcode: tr is deprecated , 31 Mart Hadisesicode: tr is deprecated , atau 31 Mart İsyanıcode: tr is deprecated ) adalah sebuah krisis politik dalam Kekaisaran Utsmaniyah pada 1909, pada Era Konstitusional Kedua. Terjadi tak lama usai Revolusi Turki Muda tahun 1908, dimana Komite Persatuan dan Kemajuan berhasil merrestorasi konstitusi 1876 dan mengakhiri pemerintahan absolut Sultan Abdul Hamid II, kejadian tersebut terkadang disebut sebagai kudeta balasan atau revolusi balasan.

Referensi

Kutipan

Daftar pustaka

Butt, Ahsan I. (2017). "The Ottoman Empire's Escalation from Reforms to the Armenian Genocide, 1908–1915". Secession and Security: Explaining State Strategy against Separatists. Ithaca; London: Cornell University Press. hlm. 125–162. ISBN 978-1-5017-1394-1. JSTOR 10.7591/j.ctt1w0d9w9.9.
Der Matossian, Bedross (August 2011). "From Bloodless Revolution to Bloody Counterrevolution: The Adana Massacres of 1909". Genocide Studies and Prevention: An International Journal. 6 (2): 152–173. doi:10.3138/gsp.6.2.152. ISSN 1911-0359.
Gawrych, George (2006). The Crescent and the Eagle: Ottoman Rule, Islam and the Albanians, 1874–1913. London: IB Tauris. ISBN 978-1-84511-287-5.
Georgeon, François (2007). "Abdülhamid II". Dalam Fleet, Kate; et al. (ed.). Encyclopaedia of Islam (Edisi 3rd). Brill. doi:10.1163/1573-3912_ei3_COM_0101 – via Brill Reference Online.
Gingeras, Ryan (2016). Fall of the Sultanate: The Great War and the End of the Ottoman Empire, 1908-1922 (Edisi First). Oxford. doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199676071.001.0001. ISBN 978-0-19-967607-1 – via Oxford Scholarship. Pemeliharaan CS1: Lokasi tanpa penerbit (link)
Kaylan, Muammer (8 April 2005). The Kemalists: Islamic Revival and the Fate of Secular Turkey. Prometheus Books. ISBN 978-1-61592-897-2.</ref>
Kieser, Hans-Lukas (2018). Talaat Pasha: Father of Modern Turkey, Architect of Genocide. Princeton: Princeton University Press. ISBN 978-0-691-15762-7.
Knight, E. F. (1910). Turkey : the awakening of Turkey, the Turkish revolution of 1908. Norwood, M.A.: J. B. Millet – via Internet Archive.
Shaw, Stanford J. (1976). History of the Ottoman Empire and Modern Turkey, Vol. 2. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. hdl:2027/heb.01919. ISBN 978-0-521-29166-8 – via ACLS Humanities E-Book.
Skendi, Stavro (1967). The Albanian National Awakening. Princeton: Princeton University Press. ISBN 9781400847761.
Swenson, Victor R. (1970). "The Military Rising in Istanbul 1909". Journal of Contemporary History. 5 (4): 171–184. doi:10.1177/002200947000500410. ISSN 0022-0094. JSTOR 259871. S2CID 162348476.
Zürcher, E. J. (1996). "The Ides of April. A Fundamentalist uprising in Istanbul in 1909?". Dalam van Dijk, Cees; de Groot, Alexander H. (ed.). State and Islam (dalam bahasa Inggris). Leiden: Leiden CNWS. hlm. 64–76. hdl:1887/2513.
Zürcher, Erik Jan (2017). "31 Mart: A Fundamentalist Uprising in Istanbul in April 1909?". Dalam Lévy-Aksu, Noémi; Georgeon, François (ed.). The Young Turk Revolution and the Ottoman Empire: The Aftermath of 1918. I.B.Tauris. ISBN 9781786720214.
Yılmaz, Șuhnaz (2016). "Revisiting Netwrosk and Narratives: Enver Pasha's Pan-Islamic and Pan-Turkic Quest". Dalam Moreau, Odile; Schaar, Stuart (ed.). Subversives and Mavericks in the Muslim Mediterranean: A Subaltern History. University of Texas Press. ISBN 978-1-4773-1093-9.

Bacaan tambahan

Ahmad, Feroz; Şenses, Bülent Şenses (2007). "Hareket Ordusu". Dalam Fleet, Kate; et al. (ed.). Encyclopaedia of Islam (Edisi 3rd). Brill. doi:10.1163/1573-3912_ei3_COM_30322 – via Brill Reference Online.
Yapp, Malcolm Edward; Shaw, Stanford J. (2005). "Ottoman Empire". Dalam The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica (ed.). Encyclopaedia Britannica. Diakses tanggal 21 May 2021.
Wasti, S. Tanvir (1996). "Halil Menteşe: The Quadrumvir". Middle Eastern Studies. 32 (3): 92–105. doi:10.1080/00263209608701120. ISSN 0026-3206. JSTOR 4283809.
Wasti, S. Tanvir (1996b). "The Last Chroniclers of the Mabeyn". Middle Eastern Studies. 32 (2): 1–29. doi:10.1080/00263209608701102. ISSN 0026-3206. JSTOR 4283809.

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