Gurun Timur (dikenal secara arkaik sebagai Arabia atau Gurun Arab[1][2]) adalah bagian dari Gurun Sahara yang terletak di timur Sungai Nil. Gurun tersebut memiliki luas 223,000 kilometer persegi (86,101sqmi) dari Afrika timur laut dan berbatasan dengan Teluk Suez dan Laut Merah di timur, dan Sungai Nil di barat. Gurun tersebut terbentang sepanjang Mesir, Eritrea, Etiopia, dan Sudan.
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