Menguasai jenis teks dalam Bahasa Inggris adalah kunci sukses dalam menghadapi ujian sekolah maupun ujian nasional. Salah satu jenis teks yang paling sering muncul adalah Report Text. Berbeda dengan Descriptive Text yang fokus pada satu objek spesifik, Report Text bertujuan untuk menyampaikan informasi hasil pengamatan sistematis tentang suatu kelas objek secara umum.
Dalam artikel ini, kita akan mempelajari 10 contoh soal Report Text yang mencakup berbagai topik populer seperti fenomena alam, hewan, dan teknologi, lengkap dengan pembahasannya.
Baca Juga : Panduan Lengkap Contoh Soal Tes Kemampuan Kognitif dan Pembahasan Strategis
Apa itu Report Text?
Sebelum masuk ke contoh soal, mari kita bedah singkat strukturnya agar Anda lebih mudah menjawab pertanyaan nantinya:
- General Classification: Pernyataan umum yang menjelaskan subjek laporan, keterangan, dan klasifikasinya.
- Description: Deskripsi mengenai ciri-ciri khusus, perilaku, habitat, atau bagian-bagian dari subjek tersebut.
Kumpulan Contoh Soal Report Text dan Pembahasan
Teks 1: Lightning (Fenomena Alam)
Lightning is a sudden, violent flash of electricity between a cloud and the ground, or from cloud to cloud. A lightning flash can be several miles long. It is so hot, with an average temperature of 34,000° Centigrade, that the air around it suddenly expands with a loud blast. This is what we hear as thunder.
Lightning occurs in hot, wet weather. Rain clouds are full of drops of water and ice. These parts of water and ice bump into each other. This creates static electricity. When the cloud is full of electricity, it bursts as a flash of lightning.
1. What is the main idea of the second paragraph? A. How thunder is produced. B. The temperature of lightning. C. How lightning is formed. D. The types of rain clouds.
Jawaban: C Pembahasan: Paragraf kedua menjelaskan proses terjadinya petir (lightning), mulai dari gesekan tetesan air dan es hingga terciptanya listrik statis.
2. Why does thunder happen? A. Because of the static electricity. B. Because the air expands suddenly due to the heat of lightning. C. Because the rain clouds are full of water. D. Because lightning is several miles long.
Jawaban: B Pembahasan: Berdasarkan teks: “It is so hot… that the air around it suddenly expands with a loud blast. This is what we hear as thunder.”
Teks 2: Platypus (Hewan)
Many people call platypus a duck-bill because this animal has a bill like a duck’s bill. Platypus is a native of Tasmania and southern and eastern Australia. Platypus has a flat tail and webbed feet. Its body length is 30 to 45 cm and covered with a thick and soft coat of fur.
Platypus lives under the ground. There are two kinds of burrows: a resting burrow and a nesting burrow. A female platypus usually lays two or three eggs. These eggs are hatched by the mother by sleeping and wrapping around her eggs. After hatching, soft baby platypus will be given milk by their mother.
3. What makes the platypus different from other mammals? A. It has a flat tail. B. It lives in Australia. C. It lays eggs but provides milk for its young. D. It has a thick coat of fur.
Jawaban: C Pembahasan: Platypus adalah hewan unik (monotremata). Meskipun ia mamalia (menyusui), ia bertelur (lays eggs), yang tidak dilakukan oleh mayoritas mamalia lainnya.
4. “These eggs are hatched by the mother…” (Paragraph 2). The underlined word means… A. Broken to let the young out. B. Produced by the animal. C. Kept in a warm place. D. Protected from predators.
Jawaban: A Pembahasan: Hatch berarti menetas, yaitu proses keluarnya bayi hewan dari telur.
Teks 3: Computers (Teknologi)
A computer is an electronic device that manipulates information, or data. It has the ability to store, retrieve, and process data. You may already know that you can use a computer to type documents, send email, play games, and browse the Web.
Hardware is any part of your computer that has a physical structure, such as the keyboard or mouse. It also includes all of the computer’s internal parts. Software is any set of instructions that tells the hardware what to do and how to do it. Examples of software include web browsers, games, and word processors.
5. What is the difference between hardware and software? A. Hardware is the brain, software is the body. B. Hardware has a physical structure, software is a set of instructions. C. Hardware is used for games, software is used for typing. D. There is no difference between them.
Jawaban: B Pembahasan: Paragraf kedua secara eksplisit menyebutkan: “Hardware is any part… that has a physical structure… Software is any set of instructions…”
6. Which of the following is NOT a function of a computer mentioned in the text? A. Storing data. B. Processing data. C. Cooking food. D. Browsing the web.
Jawaban: C Pembahasan: Pilihan A, B, dan D disebutkan dalam paragraf pertama sebagai fungsi komputer.
Teks 4: Kangaroos (Hewan)
A kangaroo is a marsupial from the family Macropodidae. Kangaroos are found in Australia as well as New Guinea. They have large, powerful hind legs, large feet adapted for leaping, a long muscular tail for balance, and a small head.
Female kangaroos have a pouch called a marsupium in which young joey complete postnatal development. Kangaroos are herbivores, eating mostly grass and plants. They can survive for long periods without drinking water.
7. How do kangaroos use their long muscular tail? A. To fight enemies. B. To help them leap higher. C. To maintain balance. D. To carry their babies.
Jawaban: C Pembahasan: Sesuai teks: “…a long muscular tail for balance.”
8. What is a “joey”? A. A type of Australian grass. B. A male kangaroo. C. A young kangaroo. D. A specific breed of kangaroo.
Jawaban: C Pembahasan: Kalimat “in which young joey complete postnatal development” mengindikasikan bahwa joey adalah sebutan untuk anak kangguru.
Teks 5: Tsunami (Fenomena Alam)
The term “tsunami” comes from the Japanese words “tsu” (harbor) and “nami” (wave). A tsunami is a series of giant ocean waves caused by a major disturbance on the ocean floor. Most tsunamis are caused by underwater earthquakes.
When an earthquake happens under the sea, the ocean floor may move up or down. This movement displaces a huge amount of water and sends it rolling across the ocean. When the waves reach shallow water near the coast, they slow down but grow much higher, sometimes reaching heights of over 30 meters.
9. What is the primary cause of most tsunamis? A. Strong winds. B. Underwater earthquakes. C. Volcanic eruptions on land. D. Deep-sea animals.
Jawaban: B Pembahasan: Kalimat terakhir paragraf pertama menyebutkan: “Most tsunamis are caused by underwater earthquakes.”
10. What happens to tsunami waves as they approach shallow water? A. They disappear. B. They move faster. C. They slow down and become higher. D. They become smaller.
Jawaban: C Pembahasan: Paragraf kedua menyatakan: “…reach shallow water near the coast, they slow down but grow much higher.”
Tips Menjawab Soal Report Text
- Identifikasi Kata Kunci: Cari kata benda (noun) yang menjadi subjek utama teks.
- Bedakan Fakta dan Opini: Report text berisi fakta ilmiah. Jika ada pilihan jawaban yang bersifat opini pribadi, biasanya itu salah.
- Pahami Vocabulary Teknis: Report text sering menggunakan istilah teknis (seperti photosynthesis, mammals, tectonic). Jangan panik jika menemukan kata sulit, lihat konteks kalimatnya.
- Skimming & Scanning: Gunakan teknik membaca cepat untuk menemukan letak informasi spesifik.
Kesimpulan
Mempelajari Report Text melalui contoh soal sangat efektif untuk membiasakan diri dengan pola kalimat Simple Present Tense yang dominan digunakan dalam teks ini. Dengan memahami struktur umum dan tujuan komunikatifnya, Anda akan lebih mudah menjawab pertanyaan seputar main idea, informasi rinci, hingga sinonim kata.
Penulis : Nabila
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